The importance and types of optical fibres

Optical fibers

Optical fiber cable

It is very important to know that the cellphones send and receive information using invisible radio waves which is a technology called wireless because it uses no cables while the fiber optics sends information coded in a beam of light down a glass or plastic pipe .

 

You should know that the optical fibers depend on the occurrence of total internal reflection on the plane mirrors , the optical fiber cable is made up of 100 or more incredibly thin strands of glass or plastic known as optical fibers , Each optical fiber is less than a tenth as thick as a human hair and it can carry 10 million telephone calls .

 

It is very important to know that the optical fibers cables carry the information between two places using entirely optical ( the light-based ) technology , and the Light travels down the optical fiber cable by bouncing repeatedly off the walls , and it is called the total internal reflection of light .

Fiber media modes

 

You should know that the optical fibers carry the light signals down them in what are called the modes which are the paths that a light beam follows down the fiber , one mode bounce down the fiber at a shallow angle , another is to go straight down the middle of the fiber , another modes involve bouncing down the fiber at other angles , more or less steep .

 

Uses of optical fibers 

 

It is very important to know that the optical fibers are used in medicine as they are used in the manufacture of medical endoscopes which used by the doctors to diagnose some diseases .

 

You should know that the medical endoscopes are used to visualize the injuries inside the body , they are used to assist in doing high risk operations by using the lasers instead of traditional surgeries .

 

The types of optical fibers 

 

Optical fibers types

It is very important to know that cable TV , Internet , and telephone signals are generally carried by single-mode fibers which wrapped together into a huge bundle , and these cables can send information over 100 km ( 60 miles ) .

Single fiber cable

You should know that the single-mode fibers are the simplest type of optical fibers , the single-mode fiber has a very thin core about 5-10 microns ( millionths of a meter ) in diameter , and all the signals travel straight down the middle without bouncing off the edges .

 

It is very important to know that multi-mode cables can send information only over relatively short distances and they are used  to link the computer networks together , and each optical fiber in a multi-mode cable is about 10 times bigger than one in a single-mode cable ,  the light beams can travel through the core by following a variety of different paths ( purple , green , and blue lines ) .

Fiber optics types

You should know that the thicker fibers are used in a medical tool called a gastroscope (a type of endoscope) which is a thick fiber-optic cable consisting of many optical fibers , and at the top end of a gastroscope there is an eyepiece and a lamp , and when the light reaches the stomach , it reflects off the stomach walls into a lens at the bottom of the cable .

 

It is very important to know that the fiberscope can be used to examine the things like the inaccessible pieces of machinery in airplane engines .

 

Advantages of optical fibers   

Fiber optics types

 You should know that the optical fibers do not conduct the electricity , they prevent the problems with the ground loops and conduction of lightning ,  they can be strung on poles alongside high voltage power cables .

 

It is very important to know that the optical fibers can can carry 3,000,000 full-duplex voice calls or 90,000 TV channels , and they have broad bandwidth , the optical fibers are cheap and they can not be stolen .

 

You should know that the optical fibers have immunity to the electromagnetic interference , as the light transmission through the optical fibers is unaffected by other electromagnetic radiations nearby, and They are electrically non-conductive .

 

It is very important to know that the optical fibers do not act as an antenna to pick up electromagnetic signals , the information traveling inside the optical fiber is immune to electromagnetic interference even the electromagnetic pulses are generated by the nuclear devices .

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